The spine is the body’s main support system, made up of 33 small bones called vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and carry the body’s weight. When one or more of these bones become weakened or experience too much pressure, they can crack or collapse — this is known as a spinal compression fracture.

Causes:

Several factors can lead to spinal compression fractures, including:

◼️Osteoporosis — A condition in which bones become weak and brittle, making them more prone to fracture even with minimal trauma.

◼️Spinal injury or trauma — Falls, car accidents, or other high-impact injuries can place excessive force on the vertebrae.

◼️Tumors — Both cancerous and non-cancerous tumors can weaken vertebrae, increasing fracture risk.

◼️Certain medical conditions — Disorders such as multiple myeloma, metastatic cancer, and osteogenesis imperfecta weaken bone structure.

◼️Aging — Bone density naturally decreases with age, making fractures more likely.

◼️Long-term corticosteroid use — Prolonged use of steroids can reduce bone density and increase fracture risk.

Individual risk varies based on medical history, lifestyle, and overall health. A healthcare professional can provide proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

Treatment Options:

Treatment aims to relieve pain, stabilize the spine, and prevent future fractures:
◼️Medication (pain relievers, muscle relaxants)
◼️Back braces for support and stability
◼️Bone-strengthening drugs (e.g., bisphosphonates like Fosamax, Boniva)
Minimally invasive surgery if needed:
▫️Vertebroplasty — bone cement injected into the fractured vertebra
▫️Kyphoplasty — balloon creates space before cement injection
▫️Spinal fusion — permanently joins vertebrae in severe cases
👉 A doctor should evaluate each case individually to choose the best treatment.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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Sciatica during pregnancy occurs when the growing uterus puts pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing pain that starts in the lower back and radiates down one leg.
This pain may feel sharp, burning, or tingling and can make walking, sitting, or sleeping difficult. It usually affects only one side and often improves after delivery.

Symptoms of Sciatica:

◼️A burning sensation in the lower extremity
◼️Pain that worsens with coughing, sneezing, or movement
◼️Pain radiating from the lower back into one buttock and down one leg
◼️Tingling, numbness, or a “pins and needles” sensation in the leg or foot

If you experience these symptoms, consult your doctor. They can recommend safe pain-relief options appropriate for pregnancy.

Stretches That May Help:

You can ease sciatica pain at home with these simple stretches:

◼️Glute & hamstring foam rolling: gently massages tight muscles to reduce pain.
◼️Pigeon pose (modified): helps relieve sciatica-like pain with proper adjustments.
◼️Hip flexor stretch: reduces tightness in the front of the hips and improves posture.
◼️Seated piriformis stretch: releases tight buttock muscles that irritate sciatic nerve.
◼️Table stretch: stretches the back, hips, and legs; feels especially good during
pregnancy.

These help relax tight muscles and reduce pressure on the sciatic nerve.

Other Remedies:

◼️Warm baths: Can soothe muscle tension.
◼️Stay active: Avoid sitting for long periods; get up and walk regularly.
◼️Posture awareness: Sit and stand with proper support and alignment.
◼️Prenatal massage: Seek a therapist trained in pregnancy massage techniques.
◼️Heat therapy: Apply a warm pack to the lower back or buttocks to relax muscles.
◼️Self-massage: A soft tennis ball can be used to massage tight areas while seated.
◼️Medication: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may be used if approved by your doctor.
Avoid other painkillers unless prescribed.

When to Seek Medical Care:

Seek medical advice if the pain is severe, worsening, associated with weakness, loss of sensation, bladder or bowel changes, or if it significantly interferes with daily activities.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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Many Indians suffer from acute or chronic back pain. Acute back pain often occurs suddenly, usually as a result of a known injury. In most cases, it resolves within a few days, but sometimes it may last up to six weeks.

Chronic pain generally develops slowly, and the severity of the condition may worsen over time. Chronic back pain lasts for a minimum of three months or is episodic and recurs over a period of six months or more. Your back pain should be treated as soon as possible, whether it is chronic or acute. Talk to a doctor about your back health.

What Causes Acute Back Pain?

Acute back pain usually results from injury to the soft tissues of the back, such as muscles, tendons, or ligaments. It commonly occurs due to improper lifting, sudden movements, or muscle spasms. Acute pain is short-term (lasting less than 6 months) and often improves once the underlying cause resolves.

Common causes include:

  • Muscle sprain or strain
  • Surgical procedures
  • Fractured bones
  • Sudden disc (annular) tear
  • Labor and delivery

What Causes Chronic Back Pain?

Chronic back pain is long-lasting and often related to structural or degenerative changes in the spine.

Common causes include:

  • Disc degeneration
  • Age-related degenerative arthritis
  • Chronic disc herniation
  • Compression fractures
  • Chronic pain conditions (e.g., fibromyalgia)

Common Treatments:

Long-term use of oral pain relievers is usually avoided due to the risks of dependence. Chronic back pain is often managed with a combination of:

  • Pain management injections (including trigger point injections)
  • Physical therapy/physiotherapy
  • Medical or surgical treatment based on an accurate diagnosis

If conservative treatments fail and the cause is clear, surgery may be considered to correct the spinal issue.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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Back pain is often associated with adults, but recent studies show that children and adolescents are increasingly affected. Around 30% of children and young people experience back pain, with girls being more prone than boys. Despite this, only a small number seek medical help.

Symptoms:

Back pain symptoms vary depending on the cause and severity. Children may experience:

  • Mild to severe pain that lasts for a short or long time
  • Pain that stays in one area or radiates to the arms or legs
  • Difficulty sleeping or performing physical activities
  • Pain that worsens with lifting or movement and improves with rest
  • Changes in walking, bending, or posture
  • Tender spots, back stiffness, or spinal curvature

In some cases, warning signs such as fever, weakness, numbness, tingling, or bowel issues may occur and require medical attention.

Common Causes:

Back pain in children can result from:

  • Poor posture
  • Obesity or extra weight
  • Minor injuries during play
  • Heavy or improperly packed backpacks
  • Muscle strains from sports or physical activities
  • Sedentary lifestyle and excessive screen time

Medical Causes:

  • Disc herniation: pain with numbness or difficulty bending
  • Stress fractures: common in sports involving repeated back bending
  • Fibromyalgia: chronic pain with fatigue and muscle spasms
  • Infections: back pain with fever—needs urgent medical attention
  • Tumours (rare): night pain, weight loss, or persistent illness
  • Scoliosis and Scheuermann’s kyphosis: abnormal spine curves
  • Spondylosis: congenital defect causing activity-related pain
  • Spondylolisthesis: vertebra slipping forward, sometimes requiring surgery

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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The spine (vertebral column) is made up of 33 vertebrae separated by soft discs that act as cushions and shock absorbers. These discs allow movement and support body weight, especially in the lower back (lumbar spine).

A lumbar disc prolapse—also called a herniated or slipped disc—occurs when the soft inner material of a disc pushes out through a tear in its outer layer. This most commonly happens in the lower back, especially between L4–L5 or L5–S1.

When a disc prolapses, it can press on nearby nerves, causing back pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling, often affecting the legs.

Causes:

Lumbar disc prolapse often develops due to:

  • Age-related degeneration and wear and tear of discs
  • Sudden injury or trauma, such as accidents or heavy lifting
  • Repeated strain or improper posture
  • Increased pressure on the spine, causing disc bulging or tearing

Although disc degeneration is common, it does not always lead to long-term problems if treated early.

Symptoms:

Symptoms vary depending on the affected disc and nerve, but may include:

  • Persistent or intermittent lower back pain
  • Reduced knee or ankle reflexes
  • Muscle spasms in the back
  • Sciatica (pain radiating down the leg)
  • Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet
  • Pain worsening with movement, coughing, or sneezing
  • In severe cases, changes in bowel or bladder function

Since several conditions can mimic these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and timely treatment.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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WHAT IS BICEP TENDONITIS?

Bicep tendonitis occurs when the tendon that connects your biceps muscle to your shoulder becomes irritated or inflamed. The biceps has two tendons at the shoulder (the long head and the short head), but the long head tendon is most commonly affected.

Over time, repetitive motion, strain, or acute injury can cause microtears in the tendon, resulting in swelling and pain.

CAUSES:

Several factors can contribute to bicep tendonitis, including:

◼️Repetitive overhead activities
(swimming, tennis, baseball, weightlifting)
◼️Sudden increase in physical activity
◼️Poor lifting technique
◼️Aging and natural wear-and-tear
◼️Shoulder instability or impingement
◼️Trauma or overuse injuries

SYMPTOMS:

◼️Pain in the front of the shoulder
◼️Discomfort that worsens with
overhead or pulling movements
◼️Tenderness to the touch
◼️A clicking or snapping sensation
when moving the shoulder
◼️Mild swelling around the tendon
◼️Weakness during lifting or rotating
the arm

Left untreated, tendonitis can progress to more severe conditions such as tendon tears or shoulder impingement syndrome.

WHEN TO VISIT A DOCTOR:

While mild bicep tendonitis often improves with rest and conservative care, certain signs indicate that it’s time to see a healthcare professional:

◼️Persistent Pain: If pain lasts longer than 7–10 days despite home treatment.
◼️Increasing Weakness: Difficulty lifting everyday objects or performing normal movements.
◼️Severe Pain After an Injury: Sharp pain accompanied by a popping sound could indicate a tendon
tear.
◼️Visible Bulging in the Bicep: A “Popeye deformity” suggests a tendon rupture and requires medical
attention.
◼️Inability to Move the Arm Normally: Reduced range of motion or instability could mean a more
complex shoulder problem.
◼️Swelling, Redness, or Warmth: These symptoms may point to infection or significant inflammation.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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Your shoulder is held together by a group of four muscles and tendons called the rotator cuff, which helps you lift and move your arm. Because the shoulder is such a complex joint, pain can come from many sources. Below are some of the most common causes of ongoing shoulder pain.

If you’re experiencing ongoing shoulder pain, it’s important to understand what may be causing it—and when to seek professional care.

COMMON SHOULDER INJURIES:

◼️Dislocation
When the upper arm bone pops out of the shoulder socket, it can cause immediate pain, weakness, swelling, and bruising.
◼️Separation
A fall or direct blow can injure the AC joint, where the collarbone meets the shoulder blade. A visible bump may appear on top of the shoulder.
◼️Fracture
Fractures of the clavicle or upper arm bone usually occur after falls or high-impact injuries, causing severe pain and difficulty lifting the arm.
◼️Cartilage (Labrum) Tear
Repetitive motion or trauma can damage the cartilage that cushions the shoulder, leading to catching, locking, or grinding sensations.
◼️Rotator Cuff Tear
Whether from aging, overuse, or injury, a tear can cause nighttime pain, weakness, and crackling when moving the arm.
◼️Frozen Shoulder
Also known as adhesive capsulitis, this condition creates stiffness and limited motion as thick bands of tissue restrict the joint.
◼️Impingement & Bursitis
Overhead motions can pinch shoulder tendons or inflame the bursa, leading to pain—especially during movement.

OTHER CAUSES OF SHOULDER PAIN:

◼️Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis
Both conditions can cause stiffness and achiness as the joint wears down or becomes inflamed.
◼️Referred Pain
Issues in the neck, gallbladder, liver, or even the heart can cause shoulder discomfort. Sudden shoulder pain with shortness of breath or chest tightness may signal a heart attack—seek emergency care immediately.
◼️Tendinitis & Bone Spurs
Inflamed tendons or extra bone growth can limit movement and lead to chronic pain.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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COMMON MYTHS V/S FACTS ABOUT OSTEOPOROSIS:

Osteoporosis weakens bones silently, but awareness and prevention can make a big difference. Let’s separate fact from fiction.

◼️Myth: Only Older Women Get Osteoporosis
Fact: While it’s common after menopause, men and younger adults can also be affected, especially with risk factors like inactivity or poor nutrition.

◼️Myth: No Pain Means No Problem
Fact: Osteoporosis often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Regular bone density scans help detect early bone loss.

◼️Myth: Calcium Alone Keeps Bones Strong
Fact: Bones need more than calcium—vitamin D, magnesium, protein, and healthy lifestyle habits are equally vital.

◼️Myth: Men Don’t Need to Worry
Fact: Men lose bone mass too, particularly after 60 or with low testosterone levels. Bone health matters for everyone.

◼️Myth: Exercise Is Risky for Weak Bones
Fact: The right exercise strengthens bones and muscles. Weight-bearing and balance exercises help prevent falls and fractures.

◼️Myth: Bone Loss Is Inevitable with Age
Fact: Aging increases risk, but good nutrition, exercise, and early treatment can slow or prevent bone loss.

◼️Myth: Milk Is the Only Source of Calcium
Fact: Leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and fortified foods also provide calcium and other nutrients essential for bone health.

◼️Myth: Fractures Are Just Part of Getting Old
Fact: Fractures can often be prevented with bone-strengthening strategies and fall prevention.

Osteoporosis can affect anyone—but with awareness, a balanced diet, and regular movement, you can protect your bones for life.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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SIGNS YOU MIGHT NEED HIP REPLACEMENT SURGERY

Hip pain can sneak up on anyone — from athletes to those who’ve simply taken one wrong step. While some discomfort fades with rest or medication, persistent or worsening hip pain may point to deeper joint damage. Here are signs that it might be time to consider hip replacement surgery.

◼️You’ve sustained a hip injury
A serious fall or accident can directly damage your hip joint, but even minor injuries can cause lingering pain. If moving your hip becomes difficult or painful, it could be a sign of internal joint damage that needs medical evaluation.

◼️The pain persists, even at rest
It’s normal to feel soreness after physical activity, but not when you’re sitting or lying down. Pain that continues despite rest — especially at night — may indicate inflammation or joint compression that needs professional attention.

◼️Your hip feels stiff and swollen
Swelling and stiffness can make simple movements uncomfortable. Conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or bursitis may be to blame. In some cases, surgical procedures such as an osteotomy or total hip replacement are needed to restore mobility.

◼️Everyday tasks are becoming harder
If bending, walking, or climbing stairs feels like a challenge, your hip joint may be deteriorating. A doctor can assess the extent of the problem and recommend treatment, from physical therapy to possible surgery.

◼️Nothing seems to relieve the pain
When medications, therapy, and injections no longer provide relief, surgery might be the next step. A hip replacement can address the root cause rather than just masking the pain.

◼️Chronic pain is affecting your mood
Constant discomfort can take a toll on your mental health, leading to frustration, anxiety, or even depression. In such cases, resolving the pain through surgery may improve both your physical and emotional well-being.

◼️You want lasting relief
Temporary treatments like painkillers or steroid injections wear off quickly. A hip replacement, however, can restore comfort and function for up to 20 years — giving you a more active, pain-free life.

If you recognize several of these signs, it may be time to consult an orthopaedic specialist. The sooner you seek help, the sooner you can return to moving freely and living comfortably again.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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WHAT’S A ROTATOR CUFF TEAR?

The rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder are very susceptible to gradual “atraumatic” tears over time from repetitive use, and acute “traumatic” tears that can occur from a sudden, violent force imparted onto the shoulder, like from a fall or while playing sports. When the rotator cuff is torn, it is often painful, particularly if the tear is traumatic. Rotator cuff tears can also cause biomechanical dysfunction, leading to an inability to elevate the shoulder.
Whether a tear develops suddenly or gradually, it can cause significant pain and limit your ability to move your shoulder. Typical symptoms include:

Common Symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Tear

Whether a tear develops suddenly or gradually, it can cause significant pain and limit your ability to move your shoulder. Typical symptoms include:

  • Pain at rest or during certain movements
  • Pain that interrupts sleep, especially when lying on the affected side
  • Weakness when lifting or rotating your arm
  • A crackling or popping sensation with movement
  • Sudden, intense pain after an injury — sometimes accompanied by a snapping sound

With chronic tears, discomfort often worsens over time. Tasks like combing your hair, brushing your teeth, or reaching overhead can become painful or nearly impossible.

CHRONIC ROTATOR CUFF TEARS

Over time, the rotator cuff can begin to degenerate — especially after the age of 40. “Chronic” or “atraumatic” tears typically develop gradually due to repetitive use, wear and tear, or decreased blood flow to the tendons.

Common causes include:

  • Bone Spurs: As we age, small bone overgrowths can form on the acromion bone. These spurs can rub against the rotator cuff tendons, leading to tears.
  • Repetitive Motion: Overhead activities in sports (like baseball, tennis, or swimming) or jobs involving heavy lifting can stress the tendons.
  • Decreased Blood Supply: Aging reduces blood flow to the tendons, slowing the body’s natural repair process.

ACUTE ROTATOR CUFF TEARS

Unlike chronic tears, acute rotator cuff injuries happen suddenly — often during a fall, while lifting something heavy, or from a quick, jerking motion. These injuries can occur alone or alongside other shoulder trauma, such as a dislocation or collarbone fracture.

A minor acute tear may heal within six to eight weeks, but severe tears may require medical treatment or even surgery to restore proper function.

For more information, talk to a healthcare provider.

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